Urban horticulture refers to the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing a diverse range of food and non-food crops within the confines of urban environments. This includes urban farming, which is the growing of food in cities, often on small plots or in vacant lots. It also encompasses rooftop vegetable gardening, a method of urban farming that utilizes the space on building rooftops, and rooftop gardening, a broader term that includes the cultivation of both edible and ornamental plants on rooftops. Gardening, the act of cultivating plants in general, is a fundamental aspect of urban horticulture, whether for food, beautification, or ecological purposes.